Serum autophagy-related gene 5 level in stroke patients: correlation with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment during a 3-year follow-up

Abstract Autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 regulates blood lipids, chronic inflammation, CD4+ T-cell differentiation, and neuronal death and is involved in post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum ATG5 with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment in stroke patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 stroke patients for serum ATG5 and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was completed at enrollment, year (Y)1, Y2, and Y3 in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was also measured in 50 healthy controls (HCs). Serum ATG5 was elevated in stroke patients compared to HCs (P<0.001) and was positively correlated to Th2 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P<0.001), and Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.001) in stroke patients but not correlated with Th1 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, or Treg cells (all P>0.050). Serum ATG5 (P=0.037), Th1 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P=0.002), and Th17/Treg ratio (P=0.018) were elevated in stroke patients with MMSE score-identified cognition impairment vs those without cognition impairment, whereas Th2 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Treg cells were not different between them (all P>0.050). Importantly, serum ATG5 was negatively linked with MMSE score at enrollment (P=0.004), Y1 (P=0.002), Y2 (P=0.014), and Y3 (P=0.001); moreover, it was positively related to 2-year (P=0.024) and 3-year (P=0.012) MMSE score decline in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was positively correlated with Th2 and Th17 cells and estimated cognitive function decline in stroke patients.

Associations between maternal parenting styles and preschool children s quality of life in Chengdu / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between maternal parenting styles and quality of life among preschools，to provide a scientific theoretical basis for interventions targeting at prmoting early life health.@*Methods@#From May to July, 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to enroll 4 233 child mother dyads from 14 preschools in Chengdu. An online questionnaire survey was administered to collect socio demographic information, maternal parenting styles, and children s quality of life.@*Results@#The overall score of quality of life was (80.17±9.81) among preschool children in Chengdu. In the multivariate linear regression models, maternal emotional warmth were significantly associated with higher scores in emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and total scores ( β coefficients in the high level group were 2.63 , 4.95 , 12.05, 6.54,4.88, P <0.05). In contrast, both maternal rejection and overprotection were significantly associated with lower scores in physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and the total scores of children s quality of life (for rejection: β coefficients in the high level group were -9.39, -10.82, -7.12 , -6.04 , -8.00, and -8.35 , respectively; for overprotection: β coefficients in the high level group were -6.71, -5.85, -3.08 , -2.39 , -3.77, and - 4.51 , respectively， P <0.05). The associations between high level of maternal rejection and children s emotional functioning showed significant gender differences( β =-3.23, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal parenting style has a significant impact on children s quality of life. Interventions targeting at maternal parenting styles may be beneficial to improve the quality of life in preschool children.

A detection system of exercise electrocardiogram / Um sistema de detecção de eletrocardiograma de exercício / Un sistema de detección de electrocardiograma de ejercicio

ABSTRACT Introduction: A new exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) detection system was investigated in this study to diagnose and analyze cardiopulmonary function and related diseases in a comprehensive and timely manner and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Besides, its reliability and clinical applicability were judged. Objective: A new type of exercise ECG detection system was constructed by adding parameters such as respiratory mechanics, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentration monitoring based on the traditional ECG detection system. Methods: The new system constructed in this study carried out the ECG signal detection, ECG acquisition module, blood pressure and respiratory mechanics detection and conducted a standard conformance test. Results: The heart rate accuracy detected by the exercise ECG system was greatly higher than that of the doctor's manual detection (P < 0.05). The accuracy of the new exercise ECG detection system increased obviously in contrast to that of the manual detection result (P < 0.05). The key technical index input noise and input impedance test results (24.5 μV and 12.4 MΩ) of the exercise ECG detection system conformed to the standard (< 30 μV and > 2.5 MΩ). The common-mode rejection and sampling rate test results (103.5 dB and 515 Hz) of key technical indicators in the exercise ECG detection system were all in line with the standards (≥89 dB and ≥500 Hz). Conclusion: The complete exercise ECG detection system was constructed through the ECG acquisition module, blood pressure detection, and respiratory mechanics detection module. In addition, this system could be applied to detect ECG monitoring indicators with high accuracy and reliability, which could also be extensively adopted in clinical diagnosis. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Um novo sistema de detecção de eletrocardiograma de exercício (ECG) foi investigado neste estudo para diagnosticar e analisar a função cardiopulmonar e doenças relacionadas de maneira abrangente e oportuna e melhorar a precisão do diagnóstico. Além disso, sua confiabilidade e aplicabilidade clínica foram julgadas. Objetivo: Um novo tipo de sistema de detecção de ECG de esforço foi construído adicionando parâmetros como mecânica respiratória, dióxido de carbono e monitoramento da concentração de oxigênio com base no sistema de detecção de ECG tradicional. Métodos: O novo sistema construído neste estudo realizou a detecção do sinal de ECG, módulo de aquisição de ECG e detecção de pressão arterial e mecânica respiratória, e conduziu um teste de conformidade padrão. Resultados: A precisão da frequência cardíaca detectada pelo sistema de ECG de esforço foi muito maior do que a detecção manual do médico (P <0,05). A precisão do novo sistema de detecção de ECG de esforço aumentou obviamente em contraste com o resultado da detecção manual (P <0,05). O ruído de entrada do índice técnico principal e os resultados do teste de impedância de entrada (24,5 μV e 12,4 MΩ) do sistema de detecção de ECG de esforço estão em conformidade com o padrão (<30 μV e> 2,5 MΩ). A rejeição do modo comum e os resultados do teste de taxa de amostragem (103,5 dB e 515 Hz) dos indicadores técnicos principais no sistema de detecção de ECG de esforço estavam todos alinhados com os padrões (≥89 dB e ≥500 Hz). Conclusão: O sistema completo de detecção de ECG de esforço foi construído através da combinação de módulo de aquisição de ECG, detecção de pressão arterial e módulo de detecção de mecânica respiratória. Além disso, esse sistema poderia ser aplicado à detecção de indicadores de monitoramento de ECG com alta precisão e confiabilidade, o que poderia ser amplamente adotado no diagnóstico clínico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En este estudio se investigó un nuevo sistema de detección de electrocardiograma de esfuerzo (ECG) para diagnosticar y analizar la función cardiopulmonar y enfermedades relacionadas de manera integral y oportuna, y mejorar la precisión del diagnóstico. Además, se evaluó su confiabilidad y aplicabilidad clínica. Objetivo: Se construyó un nuevo tipo de sistema de detección de ECG de ejercicio agregando parámetros como la mecánica respiratoria, el dióxido de carbono y el monitoreo de la concentración de oxígeno sobre la base del sistema de detección de ECG tradicional. Métodos: El nuevo sistema construido en este estudio llevó a cabo la detección de la señal de ECG, el módulo de adquisición de ECG y la detección de la presión arterial y la mecánica respiratoria, y realizó una prueba de conformidad estándar. Resultados: la precisión de la frecuencia cardíaca detectada por el sistema de ECG de ejercicio fue mucho mayor que la de la detección manual del médico (P <0,05). La precisión del nuevo sistema de detección de ECG de esfuerzo aumentó obviamente en contraste con el resultado de la detección manual (P <0.05). Los resultados de la prueba de impedancia de entrada y ruido de entrada de índice técnico clave (24,5 μV y 12,4 MΩ) del sistema de detección de ECG de esfuerzo cumplieron con el estándar (<30 μV y> 2,5 MΩ). Los resultados de la prueba de frecuencia de muestreo y rechazo en modo común (103,5 dB y 515 Hz) de los indicadores técnicos clave en el sistema de detección de ECG de esfuerzo estaban en línea con los estándares (≥89 dB y ≥500 Hz). Conclusión: El sistema completo de detección de ECG de ejercicio se construyó mediante la combinación del módulo de adquisición de ECG, la detección de la presión arterial y el módulo de detección de la mecánica respiratoria. Además, este sistema podría aplicarse a la detección de indicadores de monitoreo de ECG con alta precisión y confiabilidad, que también podría adoptarse ampliamente en el diagnóstico clínico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Factor validity of the athletic identity measurement scale in a mainland chinese sample / Validade fatorial da escala de medição de identidade atlética em amostra da china continental / Validez factorial de la escala de medición de identidad atlética en muestra de china continental

ABSTRACT Introduction The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a multi-dimensional instrument for measuring athletic identity and has been validated in different cultural samples around the world, except in mainland China. Objective This study aimed to test the validity of the mainland Chinese version of AIMS. Methods The sample consisted of 205 athletes, including 150 student athletes and 55 retired athletes. Validation of the factor structure and internal consistency was tested by performing confirmatory factor analyses and calculating Cronbach's alpha on eight different models proposed in the literature. Results The results indicated that the 7-item 2-factor model fit best in retired athlete samples, while the 7-item 3-factor model fit best in student athlete samples, according to stringent fitting criteria. Conclusion Based on the data analysis, it is proven that the 7-item multidimensional structure of AIMS is valid for the mainland Chinese culture. Level of evidence II; Comparative study.

RESUMO Introdução A Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) é um instrumento multidimensional para medir a identidade atlética, já validada em diferentes amostras culturais do mundo, exceto na China Continental. Objetivo O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar a validade da AIMS na versão da China Continental. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 205 atletas, incluindo 150 atletas estudantes e 55 atletas aposentados. A validação da estrutura fatorial e da coerência interna foi avaliada por análises fatoriais confirmatórias e cálculo do alfa de Cronbach em oito modelos distintos propostos na literatura.. Resultados Os resultados indicaram que o modelo de 7 itens e 2 fatores se ajusta melhor em amostras de atletas aposentados, enquanto o modelo de 7 itens e 3 fatores se ajusta melhor em amostras de atletas estudantes, de acordo com critérios de ajuste rigoroso. Conclusões Com base na análise dos dados, comprova-se que a estrutura multidimensional dos 7 itens da AIMS é válida para a cultura da China Continental. Nível de evidência II; Estudo comparativo.

RESUMEN Introducción La Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) es un instrumento multidimensional para medir la identidad atlética, ya validada en diferentes muestras culturales del mundo, excepto en China continental. Objetivo El presente estudio tiene por objetivo testear la validez de la AIMS en la versión de China Continental. Métodos La muestra fue compuesta por 205 atletas, incluyendo a 150 atletas estudiantes y a 55 atletas jubilados. La validación de la estructura factorial y de la coherencia interna fue evaluada por análisis factoriales confirmatorios y cálculo del alfa de Cronbach en ocho modelos distintos propuestos en la literatura. Resultados Los resultados indicaron que el modelo de 7 ítems y 2 factores se ajusta mejor en muestras de atletas jubilados, mientras que el modelo de 7 ítems y 3 factores se ajusta mejor en muestras de atletas estudiantes, de acuerdo con criterios de ajuste riguroso. Conclusiones Con base en el análisis de los datos, se comprueba que la estructura multidimensional de los 7 ítems de la AIMS es válida para la cultura de China Continental. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio Comparativo.

Comparison of different orthokeratology lenses in controlling the progression of low myopia in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effect of different orthokeratology lenses in controlling the progression of low myopia in children, and to provide a reference for exploring effective prevention measures for eyesight of children.@*Methods@#A total of 175 cases (350 eyes) aged 8-12 years old who were fitted with orthokeratology lenses were collected in this retrospective study. The differences in the changes of the axis length (AL) and the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were analyzed after wearing different orthokeratology lenses for one year, and the relationship between the change of AL, SER and gender, age was also analyzed.@*Results@#In the Mouldway group, Alpha group, Lucid group and CRT group, the Median ( P 25 , P 75 ) of AL changes were 0.23 ( 0.12 , 0.41), 0.30 (0.17, 0.45), 0.35 (0.16, 0.41) and 0.33 (0.23, 0.41)mm, and there were no statistical significant difference between four groups ( Z =7.70, P >0.05); The Median ( P 25 , P 75 ) of SER changes were -0.31 (-1.00, 0.28), -0.38 ( -1.22 , 0.13), -0.25 (-0.84, 0.13) and -0.63 (-1.13, 0.25)D, and there were no statistical significant difference between four groups ( Z =2.15, P >0.05). The age had negative correlation with the change of AL ( r =-0.26, P <0.05), but has nothing to do with the change of SER ( r =0.10, P >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the change of AL ( Z =2.25, P > 0.05 ) and SER ( Z =-1.50, P >0.05) among children of different genders.@*Conclusion@#Different orthokeratology lenses have no differences in controlling the growth of the AL and changing the SER.

Determinants of awareness of prevention and control of Norovirus outbreak among primary and middle school staffs in the Pearl River Delta region, Guangdong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate factors associated with awareness of prevention and control of Norovirus outbreak among primary and middle school staffs in the Pearl River Delta region，to provide evidence for Norovirus outbreaks prevention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 320 primary and middle school staffs from 48 schools in 3 cities in the pearl river delta region were selected by multistage quota random sampling method and were interviewed face to face with questionnaire about knowledge of Norovirus and prevention and control of Norovirus outbreaks.@*Results@#The awareness rate of Norovirus knowledge and prevention and control of Norovirus outbreaks among primary middle school and the total school staffs in the pearl river delta region were 35.37%,57.63% and 48.42%,respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that the awareness rate of prevention and control of Norovirus outbreaks was significantly affected by duties, the total awareness rate among teachers(OR =0.22，95%CI=0.09-0.55),cooks(OR=0.09，95%CI=0.04-0.23)and cleaners(OR=0.02，95%CI=0.00-0.07)were far lower than school doctors(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The awareness of prevention and control of Norovirus outbreak among primary and middle school staffs in the Pearl River Delta region was needed to be improved. Valid implements, such as operation procedure, to build up prevention and control capability should be carried out that focus on specific job responsibilities.

Power spectrum study of EEG resting-state in students with high trait anxiety / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigats the specific changes of brain neuron oscillation in non-clinical high-trait anxiety college students by recording the resting state EEG of high and low trait anxiety subjects.@*Methods@#College students in a university were administered by using the S-TA Inventory, 27% of the number of people before and after the selection were divided into low-specific focus group (15) and high-trait anxiety group(15), based on the STAT score. After pre-processing, the data was divided into five frequency bands of δ(1-<4), θ(4-<8), α(8-<13), β(13-<30), γ(30-100)Hz and every electrode power value of those was calculated respectively. Correlation between power spectrum and trait anxiety scores was investigated.@*Results@#The high-trait anxiety group were in the frontal and central regions (t=3.47, 2.62) of the δ band, the frontal region (t=2.22) of the θ band, the frontal, central, right temporal, and posterior regions (t=2.77, 2.23, 3.65, 2.35) of the β band, the frontal, left temporal, central, right temporal, and posterior regions (t=2.83, 2.22, 2.64, 2.43, 2.09) of the γ band, than that in the low trait anxiety group. Furthermore, in central regions of the δ band; the frontal region of the θ band; the frontal, the central, and posterior regions of the β band; the frontal, left temporal, central, and posterior regions(r=-0.63, -0.51, -0.62, -0.53, -0.54, -0.59, -0.56, -0.55, -0.49) of the γ band, the correlation between trait anxiety scores and the power value were obvious negatively.@*Conclusion@#High trait anxiety college students have lower power spectrum than low trait anxiety college students. The degree of trait anxiety is related to the power spectrum. The changes of brain resting-state electrical signals in high-trait anxiety individuals may be related to the influence of trait anxiety on college students’ attention and working memory.

Estimated economic burden of disease of Norovirus gastroenteritis of schools in the Pearl River Delta Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study aims to estimate the economic burden of disease of outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region, and provide scientific evidence for the government’s decision-making and control measures.@*Methods@#Using a unified questionnaire, a survey was conducted to the schools and students’ families which had suffered an outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region from October 2017 to April 2018.@*Results@#The survey found that the mean total economic burden of sick students was 720.41(95%UI=640.45-804.63)RMB. The mean economic burden of sick students who were inpatient, outpatient and self-treatment were 1 712.75(95%UI=328.50-34 00.00), 213.70(95%UI=191.83-236.33) and 58.97(95%UI=43.00-77.69)RMB, respectively. The mean economic burden of transport, extra tutoring and cost of lost labor were 53.63(95%UI=43.98-63.58), 558.49(95%UI=381.40-774.01) and 695.62(95UI=630.25-767.29)RMB. The mean total economic burden of health students was 382.62(95%UI=343.29-424.45)RMB. The mean total economic burden of school was 49 264.53(95%UI=22 363.38-79 976.25)RMB. The total economic burden of disease increases as the level of outbreak increases. The larger the epidemic level, the proportion of sick students’ financial burden gradually decreased, 56.58%,23.27% and 10.93%.@*Conclusion@#The high economic burden of disease of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region, respectively, indicating that relevant departments should strengthen the prevention, control and education in order to mitigate the disease economic burden.

Breast hamartoma: Ultrasound, elastosonographic, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features

Aims: To present the ultrasound (US), shear-wave elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) features of breast hamartomas. Subjects and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 36 breast hamartomas of 36 female patients who had been scheduled for US-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) or surgical excision between May 2013 and October 2016. In the 36 patients, US, CEUS, and SWE were performed, and the pathology results from surgical or VAB were obtained. The US, SWE, and CEUS features of the lesions were analyzed. Results: All breast hamartomas had an oval-shaped and a circumscribed margin. Of the 36 hamartomas, 30 (83.3%) had heterogeneous echogenicity and 28 (77.8%) displayed no changes in posterior echogenicity. There were no significant differences in the maximum, mean, and minimum elasticity between the hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.885, 0.683, and 0.451, respectively). All hamartomas appeared with a clear edge on CEUS, and none showed lesion diameter expansion after the injection of contrast. Compared with the peripheral parenchyma, 10 hamartomas (27.8%) showed rapid perfusion mode, 23 (63.9%) showed equal perfusion mode, 24 (66.7%) showed equal enhancement, and 9 (25.0%) showed hyperenhancement. The mean peak intensity and area under the curve of hamartomas were significantly higher than those of peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.013 and P = 0.011, respectively). The peak time and increasing-start time were not significantly different between hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.321 and P = 0.215, respectively). Conclusions: Hamartomas have typical features on US, SWE, and CEUS. Applying multiple ultrasound techniques would be helpful for their diagnosis

Development of a drought stress-resistant rice restorer line through Oryza sativa–rufipogon hybridization

Restorer line F6 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) has been widely used in hybrid rice breeding systems in southern China. However, line F6 is susceptible to drought stress, which restricts its utilization in many areas. Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) has strong drought stress resistance, but the molecular factors responsible for drought resistance in DXWR remain unknown. In this study, we used the combination of phenotypic selection and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve the drought stress resistance of line F6 by introgression of qSDT12-2, a large effect drought stress-related quantitative trait locus identified in DXWR. Molecular MAS was carried out using linked marker RM1226, which is associated with qSDT12-2. Genomic background assessmentwas performed using 112 polymorphic markers. Finally, a stable drought stress-resistant backcross inbred line (BIL) was developed from a BC5F5 population, termed BIL627. Genetic constitution analysis revealed that the genome of BIL627 is almost identical (99.1%) to that of the restorer line F6. Further, BIL627 showed no yield penalty and no decrease in restorationability under normal conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal the intrinsic value of using genetic resources present in wild species of Oryza to improve undesirable traits found in cultivated rice.

Expression of PD-L1 in triple negative breast cancer tissues and its relationship with angiogenesis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the expressions of programmed death ligand 1（PD-L1）in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its correlation with angiogenesis. Methods: 120 cases of TNBC patients who underwent surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 1, 2011 to June 1, 2012 were collected. The tumor tissues of patients were surgically resected and confirmed by pathology. PD-L1 protein expression in TNBC tissues of 120 patients was detected by tissue microarray combined with immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with various clinical indicators was analyzed. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were labeled withCD34andD2-40todetectmicrovesseldensity(MVD)andlymphaticvesseldensity(LVD)inTNBC.Results:Thepositiveexpression rate of PD-L1 in the tumor cells and interstitial infiltrating lymphocytes fromTNBC was 56.7% (68/120); No correlation was found between PD-L1 protein expression and the gender, age, histological grade, clinical stage, or tumor size of patients with TNBC (P>0.05), but related to the lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and vascular thrombus (P<0.05). TNBC with high PD-L1 expression exhibited high incidence of lymph node metastasis and formation of vascular thrombus, and the expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.500, P=0.02) as well as LVD (r=0.662, P=0.01). Log-Rank test showed that the survival time of TNBC patients with positive PD-L1 protein expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis suggested that PD-L1 protein expression could be an independent prognostic factor for TNBC overall survival. Conclusion: PD-L1 plays an important role in TNBC angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and is closely related to TNBC invasion and metastasis; blocking PD1/PD-L1 signal pathway is expected to be an effective new strategy for TNBC treatment.

Neuroprotection of quercetin on central neurons against chronic high glucose through enhancement of Nrf2/Glo-1 mediated by phosphorylation regulation / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin on central neurons against chronic high glucose in central neurons, in relation to Nrf2/ARE/Glo-1 activation. METHODS SH- SY5Y cells were cultured with high glucose (HG, 70 mmol · L- 1), 4- fold of the normal glucose (17.5 mmol · L- 1). Quercetin was set three concentrations (5, 10, 20 μmol · L- 1), with Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) as a positive group (2.5 μmol·L-1). After 72 h, cells were collected for glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) activity and GSH level were by spectrophotometry; advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as nuclear Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 levels by immunofluorescence; Glo-1, γ-glutamycysteine synthase (γ-GCS), Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 protein levels by Western blotting, and Glo-1 and γ-GCS mRNA levels by real-time qPCR. RESULTS Quercetin increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells, and upregulated the levels of Glo-1 activity, protein, and mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with HG, accompanied by the elevated levels of glutathione, a cofactor of Glo-1 activity, and the reduced levels of AGEs. Meanwhile, quercetin could increase p- Nrf2 and Nrf2 levels in nucleus as well as p- Nrf2 levels in cytosol of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to chronic HG, accompanied by the elevated protein expression and mRNA levels of γ- GCS, a known target gene of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Moreover, a PKC activator or a p38 MAPK inhibitor pretreatment could significantly increase the protein expression of γ-GCS in HG condition, but an alkylating agent for sulfydryl of cysteine in Keap 1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, pretreatment only showed an increased tendency of γ-GCS protein, compared with without pretreatment; however, after pretreatment with those tool drugs, co-treatment with quercetin and HG had similar results to those of single tool drug pretreatment followed by HG exposure. CONCLUSION Firstly, quercetin can enhance Glo-1 function in central neurons, which is mediated by activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, then exerts the neuroprotection against HG induced damage; moreover, PKC and p38 MAPK pathways may be involved in Nrf2 inactivation in chronic HG condition.

Cancer incidence and mortality in Henan 2013 / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To describe the cancer incidences and mortalities in Henan cancer registries in 2013.Methods:Registration data were evaluated according to the criteria of quality control of cancer registry,and the qualified data were analyzed based on areas(urban/rural), gender,age and cancer sites.The age-standardized rates were applied according to Segi's population and the fifth Chinese population census in 2000.Results:The total coverage of population from 19 qualified cancer registries data was 16,225,815(15.13%),Among which,8,370, 772(51.59%)were males and 7,855,043(48.41%)were females;and 2,819,817(17.38%)live in urban areas and 13,405,998(82.62%) live in rural areas.The crude incidence rate in Henan was 250.34/105(males:264.35/105,females:235.42/105),whereas the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 208.66/105and 207.25/105,respectively.The cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old)was 24.31%.The cancer mortality in Henan was 161.05/105(males:185.50/105,females:134.98/105),whereas the age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 131.18/105and 131.52/105,respectively.The cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old)was 15.05%.Cancer incidence and mortality rates were increasing by age, reaching the peak values at 80 age group and 85 plus age group,respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common cancers ranked by the incidence rate,and the most common cause of cancer death was lung cancer,followed by gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer.Incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer ranked the first and the fifth among the females,respectively.Conclusion:Cancer incidence and mortality rates were higher in the rural areas and in males than in the urban areas and in females.Lung cancer,digestive system cancers,and female breast cancer are the major cancer types that require attention for the prevention and control in Henan.

Cancer incidence and mortality in Henan 2013 / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To describe the cancer incidences and mortalities in Henan cancer registries in 2013.Methods:Registration data were evaluated according to the criteria of quality control of cancer registry,and the qualified data were analyzed based on areas(urban/rural), gender,age and cancer sites.The age-standardized rates were applied according to Segi's population and the fifth Chinese population census in 2000.Results:The total coverage of population from 19 qualified cancer registries data was 16,225,815(15.13%),Among which,8,370, 772(51.59%)were males and 7,855,043(48.41%)were females;and 2,819,817(17.38%)live in urban areas and 13,405,998(82.62%) live in rural areas.The crude incidence rate in Henan was 250.34/105(males:264.35/105,females:235.42/105),whereas the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 208.66/105and 207.25/105,respectively.The cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old)was 24.31%.The cancer mortality in Henan was 161.05/105(males:185.50/105,females:134.98/105),whereas the age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 131.18/105and 131.52/105,respectively.The cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old)was 15.05%.Cancer incidence and mortality rates were increasing by age, reaching the peak values at 80 age group and 85 plus age group,respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common cancers ranked by the incidence rate,and the most common cause of cancer death was lung cancer,followed by gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer.Incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer ranked the first and the fifth among the females,respectively.Conclusion:Cancer incidence and mortality rates were higher in the rural areas and in males than in the urban areas and in females.Lung cancer,digestive system cancers,and female breast cancer are the major cancer types that require attention for the prevention and control in Henan.

Congenital Vaginal Atresia: A Report of 39 Cases in a Regional Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the clinical course and management of congenital vaginal atresia.This retrospective analysis included patients with congenital vaginal atresia treated from March 2004 to August 2014 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.Thirty-nine patients were included in this study.Their average age was 16.87±2.2 years when they came to our hospital.Totally,51％ of the patients had isolated congenital vaginal atresia with a normal cervix,whereas the others had either cervical atresia or imperforate hymen.The primary presenting signs and symptoms included primary amenorrhea (71.8％),periodic abdominalgia (41.0％),abdominal pain (36.0％),dyspareunia (10.3％),menstrual disorders (5.1％),and pelvic mass (5.1％).Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were effective inspection methods for the screening of urogenital tract-associated anomalies.Vaginoplasty mainly included simple vagina reconstruction with insertion of a mold (n=22) and split-thickness skin grafting (n=4).In 64％ of surgical patients,normal menstrual bleeding was achieved.Four of the patients subsequently became pregnant and delivered at term.Primary amenorrhea,periodic abdominalgia and abdominal pain are the main reasons for the post pubertal patients to visit doctors.Surgical methods can successfully provide these patients an opportunity for subsequent conservative management,can result in normal menstrual bleeding,resolve cyclic pelvic pain,and provide some potential for fertility.

Beneficial effects of ulinastatin on gut barrier function in sepsis.

Background & objectives: The gut contains some endogenous and exogenous microorganisms that can become potential pathogens of sepsis under certain circumstances. Therefore, the integrity and normal function of gut barrier is important for preventing the development of sepsis. The present study was designed to assess the effects of ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor on gut barrier function and mortality in experimental sepsis. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ceacal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham procedure. Rats were then treated with ulinastatin 50,000 U/kg/day or saline. The mortality rate was determined. Histology, apoptosis assays, and PCR were performed using ileum specimens at 3, 6, and 12 h following CLP. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also measured at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h following CLP. Results: Compared with the saline-treated CLP rats, the ulinastatin CLP rats had significantly increased survival time (P<0.05), lower histopathological scores of intestinal injury (P<0.05), reduced apoptosis detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and caspase 3 activity (P<0.01). Moreover, RD-5 mRNA expression was significantly higher in ulinastatin-treated CLP animals than saline controls (P<0.05). These results suggested a preserved integrity and function of the gut barrier. Significantly lower plasma TNFα and IL-6 levels were detected in CLP rats with ulinastatin treatment, which contributed to increased survival time. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggest that ulinastatin has a therapeutic potential to prevent gut barrier dysfunction in the early stage of sepsis, thereby improving the outcome of sepsis. Further studies need to be done to understand the mechanism of action of ulinastatin.

A system review on the application of BED-capture enzyme immunoassay in detecting new HIV-1 infection / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study whether BED-capture enzyme immunoassay (CEIA) is feasible to be used in wide-ranging population, we collect papers and conference abstracts related to BED-CEIA and HIV-1 incidence. Methods 10 papers are included for the discussion, regarding the concordance between the estimated HIV-1 incidence from BED-CEIA and the results from a cohort studies; and 11 papers are selected to discuss the related misclassification on the estimation of HIV-1incidence. Results Concordance between the two sets is related to the districts and design of research. Results from Africa are not so satisfactory, but researches, those BED-CEIA samples are collected during the follow-up of the cohort study, have shown better outcomes than other ones. There are totally 7303 samples of LTI (long-term infections) collected for analyzing the misclassification of BED-CEIA. 432 LTI are misclassified as new infections, making the raw rate of misclassification as 5.9% with 95% confidential interval between 5.36 and 6.44. Data from systematic review shows that the BED-CEIA's misclassification rate relates to the count of CD4+T lymphocytes and time after the infection but has no relation to the classification of sub-populations (female sexual workers and intravenous drug users in China) and districts (China and Africa). Conclusion Our results reveal that the misclassification is relevant to the immune-status of the infected persons.